By contrast, process development activities have focused on solving the many unique challenges associated with post-combustion CO 2 capture using alkali metal-based sorbents. Research on sorbent development has included an examination of the physical properties, carbonation and regeneration reaction behavior, reaction kinetic behavior, and multi-cycle behavior of these alkali metal-based sorbents. More recent research has concentrated on using supported sorbents which provide the necessary attrition resistance for use with fluidized-bed or transport reactors. In the case of sorbent development, pure sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate were tested directly. To date such research has focused on two main areas: sorbent development and process development. This paper provides the first comprehensive review of the major research progress on this technology. It is expected to be both cost effective and energy efficient. It is ideally suited for coal-fired power plants incorporating wet flue gas desulfurization, due to the associated cooling and saturation of the flue gas. This process can be readily used for retrofitting existing facilities and easily integrated with new power generation facilities. A moderate temperature swing of 120–200 ☌ then causes the bicarbonate to decompose and release a mixture of CO 2/H 2O that can be converted into a “sequestration-ready” CO 2 stream by condensing the steam. Here, alkali metal carbonates are used to capture CO 2 in the presence of H 2O to form either sodium or potassium bicarbonate at temperatures below 100 ☌. A particularly promising option involves the use of dry alkali metal-based sorbents to capture CO 2 from flue gas. The commentary is framed in the perspective of Canadian coal resources, however most comments apply to all coal gasification combined cycle power plants and examples are drawn from all sources.ĬO 2 capture and storage (CCS) has received significant attention recently and is recognized as an important option for reducing CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. It is considered likely that combined cycle power production will be implemented where conditions of high coal cost, low water availability and strict emission regulations coexist. The cost of electricity from the combined-cycle process has been shown to be most attractive in regions of high cost coal. The paramount importance of the development of a high temperature (> 1200☌) turbine inlet temperature and the subsidiary role of high temperature gas cleaning and water requirements are discussed the prospective reliability of gasifier/boiler couplings are largely unknown. The optional combinations of the gas and steam turbines are each seen to pose different technical problems. This introductory review summarizes a series of specific areas of technology which must contribute to the development of a coal gasification-combined cycle power plant.
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